Causes of infertility in women of secondary etiology: erosion and endometriosis with possible treatment

They say about infertility when pregnancy does not occur within 1-2 years of constant unprotected sexual activity. Statistics say that about 40% of infertility cases occur due to problems with the activity and viability of male spermatozoa, which are significantly affected by smoking, poor-quality food, and with it a lack of important vitamins in the body, tight clothing, frequent trips to the sauna.

However, in other cases, conception may not occur due to various problems in the female body. They talk about primary infertility if a woman has never become pregnant. Secondary infertility is called if the woman was already pregnant, no matter what the result is. Among the causes of infertility in women, hormonal problems, obstruction of the fallopian tubes, diseases of the uterus itself, as well as psychological infertility are most often determined.

Hormonal disorders as a cause of secondary infertility in women

For whatever reasons hormonal problems arise (due to stress, polycystic ovaries, other gynecological and endocrine diseases), they are one of the main causes of infertility in women. It is caused by an incorrect mechanism of ovulation in the form of a lack of maturation or the release of an egg from the ovaries. This mechanism is regulated by a number of hormones secreted by the pituitary gland and ovaries, and violations of the production of such hormones can ultimately lead to the impossibility of conception. Often such violations are accompanied by irregular periods in the form of a delay or cessation of them for a long time.

Main cause of infertility in women

In the fallopian tubes (they are also called fallopian tubes), the necessary environment must be created so that the egg and sperm can meet. Diseases such as inflammation of the appendages or chlamydia can cause adhesions, leading to complete or partial obstruction of the tubes, as a result of which conception does not occur or a fertilized egg cannot enter the uterus for further development of the fetus. In particular, one of these causes of infertility in women is endometriosis. On the inside of the uterus is the endometrium, a special layer that easily undergoes transformation, helping the egg to develop. But in some cases, the endometrium grows too extensively, going beyond the uterus and forming areas with inflammatory processes. Between individual sections of such an “irregular" endometrium, adhesions arise, for example,

Impossibility of conception due to various pathologies of the uterus

The condition of the uterus, its congenital or acquired defects such as fibroids, scars on the walls, polyps, endometritis (inflammation of the endometrium inside the uterus itself) also largely determines the ability of a woman to conceive, since it is to the walls of the uterus that a fertilized egg is attached and continues to develop in it in fetus.

Almost every second woman in her life has experienced cervical erosion, which is a wound of a certain size on the mucous membrane of the cervix. There may be several reasons for this pathology, but the erosion already existing in a woman, even of the smallest size, requires regular monitoring by a gynecologist. For the course of pregnancy, not too neglected erosion may not be of particular importance. Erosion can become the cause of infertility under certain conditions. If this disease has been left without observation and treatment for a long time, the diameter of its opening can narrow so much that it greatly limits the penetration of spermatozoa into the uterus.

Psychological infertility in women

Various psychological problems, such as fear of pregnancy and childbirth, hidden aversion to her husband, constant stress or unwillingness to sacrifice a career for the sake of a child, can become a serious reason for the inability to conceive a child. On the other hand, a woman who desperately wants to have children may be so afraid of not getting pregnant that during the very process of conception, her stress does not allow it to be carried out normally.

In addition to the main causes of infertility in women, sometimes another 15% of couples have immunological incompatibility, when the female immune system, when spermatozoa enter, begins to produce special antibodies that can make cervical mucus more viscous, due to which spermatozoa lose their activity and can no longer reach eggs.

Causes of secondary infertility in women

One of the main causes of secondary infertility is an abortion or miscarriage, because in the event of a pregnancy, the female body completely restructures its work to ensure the life of the unborn child, and a sharp interruption of this process leads to serious hormonal disruptions and subsequent gynecological and psycho-emotional problems.

In addition, problems with conception can haunt women over 35 years old, when irreversible changes begin in the ovaries, which lead to various diseases, hormonal imbalance, and with them the impossibility of conception. Secondary infertility can be promoted by hormonal disorders due to malfunctions of the thyroid gland, when the increased production of its hormones suppresses the production of pituitary hormones responsible for the process of maturation and release of the egg.

Treatment of infertility in women

Depending on the established cause of infertility in women, treatment can be completely different and should only be prescribed by a qualified doctor. For hormonal problems with the thyroid gland or ovaries, replacement therapy is usually offered to normalize the hormonal background of a woman. So, if you establish the true cause of the cycle without ovulation and properly treat it, you can restore normal ovulation and further conception.

To date, the identified obstruction of the fallopian tubes is also treatable with modern methods and can increase the chances of conceiving a child. If the immunological incompatibility of the partners is confirmed, fertilization is possible by introducing the husband's sperm directly into the uterine cavity.

However, quite often infertility in women is caused not by one specific reason, but by a whole range of gynecological problems. It also happens that during the examination, a woman and her partner do not find any violations and serious diseases, and conception does not occur. In the event that we are talking about psychological infertility, you need to know that such conditions can be cured with the help of special techniques. And sometimes it is enough to take a vacation from work, go to a resort, get away from all the affairs and problems, spending this time only with each other, and the long-awaited pregnancy will come.